{"id":57205,"date":"2020-06-17T23:00:22","date_gmt":"2020-06-17T23:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/how-the-immune-system-protects-animals-from-viruses\/"},"modified":"2024-09-20T12:10:54","modified_gmt":"2024-09-20T17:10:54","slug":"how-the-immune-system-protects-animals-from-viruses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/pt\/resource-center\/blog\/how-the-immune-system-protects-animals-from-viruses\/","title":{"rendered":"Como o sistema imunol\u00f3gico protege os animais contra os v\u00edrus"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>O Dr. Chris Ashworth, DVM, contribuiu para este relat\u00f3rio.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Parte 2 de uma s\u00e9rie de 4 partes sobre v\u00edrus na produ\u00e7\u00e3o animal.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><a href=\"\/pt\/what-are-viruses-and-how-do-they-impact-animal-production\/\">A Parte 1 discutiu o que s\u00e3o os v\u00edrus e como eles afetam a produ\u00e7\u00e3o animal.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e1 v\u00e1rias maneiras pelas quais um animal pode\nser infectado por um v\u00edrus. As formas mais comuns s\u00e3o a ingest\u00e3o e a\ninala\u00e7\u00e3o de ar. Entretanto, os animais tamb\u00e9m podem ser infectados ao entrar em\ncontato direto com uma superf\u00edcie ou um objeto que tenha sido contaminado ou, em uma\nraras ocasi\u00f5es, por meio da reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Por exemplo, um v\u00edrus de verrugas pode infectar a pele\nde animais sempre que o animal entra em contato direto com uma superf\u00edcie\nque contenha o v\u00edrus da verruga. Essas superf\u00edcies podem incluir - mas n\u00e3o se limitam a\na postes e paredes em um est\u00e1bulo ou at\u00e9 mesmo uma escova usada em animais de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o.\nMamilite e pseudocowpox s\u00e3o exemplos de v\u00edrus que podem ser transmitidos por\nm\u00e1quinas de ordenha, principalmente em novilhas leiteiras. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quando o sistema imunol\u00f3gico de um animal reconhece um\nv\u00edrus no corpo, ele inicia uma resposta inflamat\u00f3ria para matar o v\u00edrus. Esse processo\nprocesso pode come\u00e7ar imediatamente ou pode ser retardado, dependendo do tempo que o v\u00edrus\ndo tempo que o v\u00edrus (per\u00edodo de incuba\u00e7\u00e3o) leva para causar a doen\u00e7a cl\u00ednica. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vamos dar uma olhada em como o sistema imunol\u00f3gico\nfunciona quando diferentes v\u00edrus infectam um animal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-immune-system-in-action\">O sistema imunol\u00f3gico em a\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>O sistema imunol\u00f3gico \u00e9 composto por uma sofisticada\nrede sofisticada de c\u00e9lulas, prote\u00ednas e enzimas que s\u00e3o programadas para monitorar o bem-estar do animal.\nbem-estar do animal. Essa rede de c\u00e9lulas detecta e responde a bact\u00e9rias, v\u00edrus\nparasitas e p\u00f3lens, al\u00e9m de toxinas de picadas de abelhas e carrapatos que\npodem invadir o corpo. As c\u00e9lulas tamb\u00e9m respondem a fatores de estresse, les\u00f5es ou\ndesafios ambientais. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quando um v\u00edrus atravessa uma das barreiras do corpo\nbarreiras do corpo, como a pele, a membrana mucosa ou o revestimento dos vasos sangu\u00edneos, o sistema imunol\u00f3gico\nsistema imunol\u00f3gico detectar\u00e1 a invas\u00e3o. O sistema imunol\u00f3gico ent\u00e3o envia sinais chamados\ncitocinas, indicando que a ajuda \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria. Isso inicia o movimento dos gl\u00f3bulos brancos\nbrancos em dire\u00e7\u00e3o ao local da infec\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Os primeiros a responder ao local s\u00e3o os gl\u00f3bulos brancos\ngl\u00f3bulos brancos chamados fag\u00f3citos. Essas c\u00e9lulas ajudam a proteger o corpo ao ingerir\npart\u00edculas estranhas prejudiciais, bact\u00e9rias e c\u00e9lulas mortas ou que est\u00e3o morrendo. H\u00e1 duas\nformas de fag\u00f3citos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Os neutr\u00f3filos em mam\u00edferos ou heter\u00f3filos em aves s\u00e3o leuc\u00f3citos pequenos e granulares que aparecem rapidamente no local de uma ferida e ingerem bact\u00e9rias.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Os mon\u00f3citos s\u00e3o leuc\u00f3citos maiores que aparecem cerca de tr\u00eas dias ap\u00f3s a infec\u00e7\u00e3o e eliminam bact\u00e9rias, part\u00edculas estranhas e material celular morto deixado para tr\u00e1s pelos neutr\u00f3filos ou heter\u00f3filos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Os macr\u00f3fagos e neutr\u00f3filos aparecem no local\nlocal primeiro e trabalham para engolir e destruir o v\u00edrus. Em seguida, eles exibem peda\u00e7os\ndo v\u00edrus em sua superf\u00edcie para sinalizar aos mon\u00f3citos que ajudem a continuar o\nataque aos v\u00edrus invasores de uma forma mais espec\u00edfica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quando ocorre uma infec\u00e7\u00e3o viral, h\u00e1 uma corrida\nentre o sistema imunol\u00f3gico e o v\u00edrus. O v\u00edrus se esconde em uma c\u00e9lula\nantes que essa c\u00e9lula mostre que est\u00e1 alterada e diferente das outras c\u00e9lulas. Esse\nEsse \u00e9 o tempo que o v\u00edrus tem para tirar vantagem e ter descend\u00eancia suficiente para\ninfectar novas c\u00e9lulas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>No momento em que o sistema imunol\u00f3gico come\u00e7a a\nreconhecer esses padr\u00f5es e iniciar o processo inflamat\u00f3rio, o v\u00edrus j\u00e1 est\u00e1\nj\u00e1 est\u00e1 se espalhando para outras c\u00e9lulas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Os macr\u00f3fagos e linf\u00f3citos desempenham um papel importante\npapel importante na identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de uma infec\u00e7\u00e3o viral que est\u00e1 em andamento, al\u00e9m de ajudar o\ncorpo a se defender contra a infec\u00e7\u00e3o viral. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Al\u00e9m disso, em apenas algumas horas ap\u00f3s uma\ninfec\u00e7\u00e3o viral, um dos mecanismos naturais de defesa que o corpo produz\n\u00e9 o interferon. Essa \u00e9 uma mol\u00e9cula produzida pelo corpo que desempenha um papel na\nmatar alguns v\u00edrus, mas n\u00e3o todos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-immediate-and-delayed-disease-from-viral-infections\">Doen\u00e7as imediatas e tardias causadas por infec\u00e7\u00f5es virais<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Algumas infec\u00e7\u00f5es virais apresentam sinais de doen\u00e7a cl\u00ednica imediatamente. Essas doen\u00e7as, como o rinov\u00edrus, a gripe e o coronav\u00edrus, causam a doen\u00e7a em um a 14 dias. Outros v\u00edrus, como os retrov\u00edrus, o HIV, o v\u00edrus da leucose bovina e a doen\u00e7a de Marek, n\u00e3o mostrar\u00e3o sinais de doen\u00e7a cl\u00ednica at\u00e9 semanas, meses ou, em alguns casos, at\u00e9 anos ap\u00f3s a infec\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Esses retrov\u00edrus se multiplicam em um ritmo muito lento\nAssim, esses v\u00edrus podem levar muito tempo para infectar c\u00e9lulas suficientes para deixar um animal doente.\num animal doente. Com alguns retrov\u00edrus, como o da anemia infecciosa equina, o\nanimal ainda \u00e9 capaz de continuar produzindo gl\u00f3bulos vermelhos diariamente.\nPor exemplo, se um cavalo perde 10 gl\u00f3bulos vermelhos todos os dias, mas produz nove, ser\u00e1 necess\u00e1rio um longo per\u00edodo de tempo para que o animal fique doente.\nlevar\u00e1 um longo per\u00edodo de tempo para que o cavalo se torne an\u00eamico. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Outro exemplo \u00e9 o HIV em humanos. As pessoas\ninfectadas com o HIV n\u00e3o sofrem uma deple\u00e7\u00e3o completa da medula \u00f3ssea e das c\u00e9lulas T\nimediatamente. Eles perdem uma pequena quantidade a cada dia e pode levar\nmuito tempo at\u00e9 chegarem a um ponto em que n\u00e3o tenham mais c\u00e9lulas suficientes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-long-can-a-virus-remain-in-the-body\">Por quanto tempo um v\u00edrus pode permanecer no corpo? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Normalmente, uma infec\u00e7\u00e3o viral permanece em um\nO herpesv\u00edrus, por exemplo, faz um \u00f3timo trabalho ao enganar o organismo, fazendo com que ele se torne um v\u00edrus.\nO herpesv\u00edrus, por exemplo, faz um \u00f3timo trabalho ao enganar o corpo, fazendo-o\npensar que faz parte do corpo e se esconde do sistema imunol\u00f3gico por um longo tempo.\ntempo. Isso impede que o sistema imunol\u00f3gico inicie uma resposta inflamat\u00f3ria\npara matar o v\u00edrus e remov\u00ea-lo do sistema. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quando um mam\u00edfero \u00e9 infectado pelo herpesv\u00edrus,\nele ser\u00e1 infectado por toda a vida. Isso n\u00e3o significa, entretanto, que ele\nsempre apresentar\u00e3o sinais de doen\u00e7a cl\u00ednica. H\u00e1 pessoas que t\u00eam infec\u00e7\u00f5es por herpes\ninfec\u00e7\u00f5es por herpes e t\u00eam apenas uma afta em toda a sua vida, embora ainda tenham o v\u00edrus\no v\u00edrus vivendo em algum lugar do corpo.&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quando um pat\u00f3geno se liga \u00e0s c\u00e9lulas, o sistema imunol\u00f3gico\nsistema imunol\u00f3gico o identificar\u00e1 como \"pr\u00f3prio\" ou \"n\u00e3o pr\u00f3prio\". Quando o corpo reconhece um\npat\u00f3geno como \"n\u00e3o pr\u00f3prio\", ele inicia o processo inflamat\u00f3rio para matar esse\npat\u00f3geno. Em alguns casos, o corpo permite que o sistema imunol\u00f3gico reaja de forma exagerada\ne se volte contra si mesmo. N\u00e3o vemos isso com muita frequ\u00eancia em animais de fazenda, mas\nem c\u00e3es e gatos. Quando isso ocorre, \u00e9 chamado de doen\u00e7a autoimune.\ndoen\u00e7a autoimune. Alguns exemplos dessas doen\u00e7as em humanos incluem l\u00fapus, p\u00eanfigo, artrite reumatoide\nartrite reumatoide e muitas outras. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-role-of-vaccines-in-virus-management\">O papel das vacinas no controle de v\u00edrus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Quando se trata de vacinas, \u00e9 importante\nentender que elas n\u00e3o previnem a infec\u00e7\u00e3o, mas trabalham para reduzir a gravidade\nde qualquer doen\u00e7a resultante. Quando voc\u00ea toma uma vacina contra a gripe, por exemplo, o m\u00e9dico\nn\u00e3o lhe dir\u00e1 que voc\u00ea n\u00e3o ser\u00e1 infectado pela gripe. Ele deve\nEle deve lhe dizer que, se voc\u00ea pegar a gripe depois de receber uma vacina com a mesma cepa do v\u00edrus da gripe, voc\u00ea ser\u00e1 infectado.\ncepa do v\u00edrus da gripe, voc\u00ea n\u00e3o ficar\u00e1 t\u00e3o doente ou n\u00e3o ficar\u00e1 doente por tanto tempo\ncomo se voc\u00ea n\u00e3o tivesse tomado a vacina.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As vacinas permitem que o corpo crie anticorpos no sangue\nno sangue que se ligam a um v\u00edrus nas primeiras horas ap\u00f3s a infec\u00e7\u00e3o e\ne, com sorte, o eliminam antes que ele tenha a chance de causar a doen\u00e7a cl\u00ednica. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Os medicamentos antivirais, antiss\u00e9pticos e\nOs medicamentos antivirais, antiss\u00e9pticos e desinfetantes t\u00eam efeitos semelhantes, pois reduzem a infectividade e a\ne a capacidade do v\u00edrus de sobreviver no ambiente, mas n\u00e3o impedem completamente a\na infec\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-impact-of-nutrition-in-protecting-against-viruses\">O impacto da nutri\u00e7\u00e3o na prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra v\u00edrus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Uma dieta bem balanceada \u00e9 fundamental para proteger o animal\num animal contra infec\u00e7\u00f5es virais. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A nutri\u00e7\u00e3o precoce em animais jovens \u00e9 especialmente\nimportante, pois \u00e9 um per\u00edodo cr\u00edtico para o desenvolvimento do sistema imunol\u00f3gico.\nEles precisam de nutri\u00e7\u00e3o adequada para desenvolver c\u00e9lulas imunol\u00f3gicas suficientes e para\ndesenvolver completamente os \u00f3rg\u00e3os imunol\u00f3gicos. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As c\u00e9lulas que n\u00e3o s\u00e3o deficientes em vitaminas e\nminerais, tanto macro quanto micro, fazem um trabalho melhor ao reconhecer infec\u00e7\u00f5es\nmais cedo. Al\u00e9m disso, as c\u00e9lulas com uma quantidade adequada de vitaminas, minerais e\nenergia funcionam melhor e s\u00e3o capazes de produzir mais anticorpos mais rapidamente. Ao produzir\nanticorpos mais rapidamente, os animais s\u00e3o mais capazes de responder e controlar a infec\u00e7\u00e3o\ninfec\u00e7\u00e3o, impedindo a replica\u00e7\u00e3o viral. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Os minerais sel\u00eanio, zinco e\nmangan\u00eas funcionam como antioxidantes e eliminam os radicais livres que s\u00e3o produzidos\ndurante o processo inflamat\u00f3rio e causam danos prolongados \u00e0s c\u00e9lulas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Confira novamente a Parte 3 da s\u00e9rie de 4 partes sobre v\u00edrus na produ\u00e7\u00e3o animal. O pr\u00f3ximo artigo discutir\u00e1 <strong><a href=\"\/pt\/trace-minerals-help-prevent-virus-replication-boosts-immune-response-to-viral-infections\/\">como os minerais essenciais desempenham um papel na prote\u00e7\u00e3o de um animal contra infec\u00e7\u00f5es virais<\/a>. <\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quando o sistema imunol\u00f3gico de um animal reconhece um v\u00edrus no corpo, ele inicia uma resposta inflamat\u00f3ria para matar o v\u00edrus. Saiba como o sistema imunol\u00f3gico funciona para proteger os animais de infec\u00e7\u00f5es virais.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":57206,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_tec_requires_first_save":true,"_eb_attr":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_tribe_blocks_recurrence_rules":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_description":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_exclusions":"","_ecp_custom_2":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2682],"tags":[2683,2684,2685],"species":[938,1271,940,942,943],"class_list":["post-57205","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-animal-performance","tag-health","tag-immunity"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How the Immune System Protects Animals from Viruses &#8211; Zinpro\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Blog posts from Zinpro\u00ae about How the Immune System Protects Animals from Viruses . 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