{"id":57061,"date":"2019-12-20T00:00:01","date_gmt":"2019-12-20T00:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/avian-influenza-a-global-disease\/"},"modified":"2023-07-19T13:10:06","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T18:10:06","slug":"avian-influenza-a-global-disease","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/es_es\/resource-center\/blog\/avian-influenza-a-global-disease\/","title":{"rendered":"Gripe aviar: Una enfermedad mundial"},"content":{"rendered":"

La gripe aviar es una enfermedad\nes una enfermedad natural de las aves que puede afectar a las explotaciones av\u00edcolas de todo el mundo. Es muy\ncontagiosa y puede propagarse r\u00e1pidamente por las manadas de aves de corral.\nAlgunos tipos causan altas tasas de mortalidad y reducciones en la producci\u00f3n y calidad de los huevos.\nDurante un brote de gripe aviar altamente pat\u00f3gena, las manadas infectadas deben\nser sacrificadas en su totalidad. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La doctora Kateri Bertran Dols, investigadora del\nInstituto de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Agroalimentarias de Barcelona.\ndurante el Seminario Av\u00edcola Internacional Zinpro, que incluy\u00f3 una actualizaci\u00f3n\nla gripe aviar, los factores de riesgo de infecci\u00f3n y lo que pueden hacer los productores\ny qu\u00e9 pueden hacer los avicultores para prevenir brotes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nos sentamos con ella tras su presentaci\u00f3n para\nm\u00e1s detalles sobre la enfermedad y lo que podemos hacer para reducir la probabilidad de que entre en nuestras instalaciones.\nde que entre en nuestras instalaciones av\u00edcolas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entrevista con la Dra. Kateri Bertran Dols <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Marco Rebollo: \u00bfCu\u00e1les son los diferentes tipos de\ngripe y en qu\u00e9 se diferencian? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kateri Bertran Dols: La principal diferencia\nentre cada tipo es qu\u00e9 especies puede infectar. La gripe A, por ejemplo,\ninfecta a aves y humanos, mientras que la B infecta s\u00f3lo a humanos, la C infecta a humanos y\nporcinos y la D puede infectar a porcinos y bovinos. Adem\u00e1s, hay dos\nsubcategor\u00edas de gripe aviar: Influenza aviar de baja patogenicidad (IABP) e\naltamente pat\u00f3gena (IAAP), seg\u00fan su patogenicidad en los pollos.\npollos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La IABP provoca signos cl\u00ednicos leves o inexistentes\njunto con una mortalidad escasa o nula. Sin embargo, la IABP puede provocar un descenso de la\nentre 2% y 50%, as\u00ed como una ligera disminuci\u00f3n de la calidad de los huevos. M\u00e1s\nm\u00e1s importante, la IABP puede verse exacerbada por otras coinfecciones o factores\nambientales y tambi\u00e9n puede exacerbar otras enfermedades. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por otro lado, la gripe aviar altamente pat\u00f3gena puede ser mucho m\u00e1s\nproblem\u00e1tica para los productores de aves de corral, dando lugar a altas tasas de mortalidad de hasta 100%\ny una ca\u00edda de hasta 100% en la producci\u00f3n de huevos. Una fuerte reducci\u00f3n de la calidad de los huevos\nes muy t\u00edpica si se infecta el tracto reproductivo del ave.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MR: \u00bfCu\u00e1les son las formas m\u00e1s comunes de propagaci\u00f3n de la gripe aviar?\ngripe aviar? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

KBD: Hay muchas maneras de que el virus de la gripe aviar\npuede propagarse de un ave a otra, de una instalaci\u00f3n a otra e incluso de un pa\u00eds a otro.\nLas aves pueden infectarse con el virus de la gripe aviar tras entrar en contacto\ncon el virus diseminado por otra ave a trav\u00e9s de su saliva, secreciones nasales o heces.\nheces. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

El virus tambi\u00e9n puede propagarse por causas humanas\nhumanos, como la falta de bioseguridad en las instalaciones av\u00edcolas. Un ejemplo de ello son\ncamiones que transportan piensos o materiales de una instalaci\u00f3n av\u00edcola a otra.\nLos neum\u00e1ticos pueden recoger el virus en forma de barro o esti\u00e9rcol contaminados y\ntransportarlo a otra instalaci\u00f3n. Los propios trabajadores de una explotaci\u00f3n av\u00edcola pueden\npueden incluso propagar el virus si van de una instalaci\u00f3n a otra sin\nsin cambiarse de ropa o limpiarse las botas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hay estudios que sugieren que el viento\npuede transportar el virus por el aire, pero las aves acu\u00e1ticas salvajes son las que hacen\nque el virus sea global. Patos y gansos pueden literalmente transportar el virus a trav\u00e9s de los continentes,\nen muchos casos sin mostrar ning\u00fan signo de enfermedad. Normalmente, la primera\nintroducci\u00f3n del virus en las aves de corral es a trav\u00e9s del contacto con virus LPAI\naves acu\u00e1ticas silvestres, pero la propagaci\u00f3n posterior entre las granjas suele deberse a la actividad humana.\nla actividad humana, con el riesgo de que el virus de la IABP mute a su forma de IAAP.\na su forma IAAP. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

MR: \u00bfQu\u00e9 pueden hacer los productores av\u00edcolas desde el punto de vista de la bioseguridad para evitar la propagaci\u00f3n de la gripe aviar?\nbioseguridad para evitar la propagaci\u00f3n de la gripe aviar? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

KBD: La bioseguridad es la primera l\u00ednea de defensa\ncontra la gripe aviar. Es importante asegurarse de que todo lo que entra\nque entra y sale de una instalaci\u00f3n est\u00e9 libre del virus, incluidas las propias aves y su pienso.\ny su pienso. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Empiece por limpiar y desinfectar los gallineros\ngallineros y utilizando ropa de cama desinfectada. Limpie y desinfecte los conductos de agua\nmantener el virus fuera del agua de bebida de las aves. Limpie y desinfecte peri\u00f3dicamente\nlos camiones y las ruedas que van y vienen de una instalaci\u00f3n para que el\npara que el virus no se propague. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Utiliza ropa y cubrebotas desechables y\naseg\u00farate de limpiar y desinfectar tu ropa y botas con regularidad para que\npara no propagar el virus de una casa a otra. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para evitar la introducci\u00f3n primaria del\ndel virus a partir de aves acu\u00e1ticas silvestres, criar las aves de corral en confinamiento o, si se cr\u00edan\ncon acceso al exterior, confinar a las aves durante los periodos de migraci\u00f3n espec\u00edficos de las aves acu\u00e1ticas silvestres.\nacu\u00e1ticas salvajes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MR: \u00bfY las vacunas? \u00bfQu\u00e9 necesitan saber\nnecesitan saber sobre ellas? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

KBD: Cuando la eliminaci\u00f3n de las aves infectadas\ninfectadas no puede controlar la propagaci\u00f3n del virus, las vacunas pueden ser\nde control de la influenza aviar cuando se utilizan en combinaci\u00f3n con otros\nde la enfermedad. Son varias las propiedades que debe tener una vacuna para que\npara que sea eficaz contra el virus que se administra para prevenir. En primer\nEn primer lugar, la cepa de la vacuna debe ser lo suficientemente similar\naviar que circula en el campo. Si la vacuna no es\ngen\u00e9ticamente similar, las aves no desarrollar\u00e1n inmunidad contra esa cepa concreta del virus de la gripe aviar.\ncepa concreta del virus de la gripe aviar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Otra propiedad esencial para\nvacunas eficaces es el n\u00famero de vacunaciones aplicadas; las aves necesitan recibir\nrecibir suficiente ant\u00edgeno vacunal para estimular su sistema inmunitario y prevenir\nenfermedad y la muerte, as\u00ed como para reducir la replicaci\u00f3n del virus y su diseminaci\u00f3n en el medio ambiente.\nmedio ambiente. No s\u00f3lo es necesario que una sola dosis sea lo suficientemente fuerte, sino que tambi\u00e9n\nvacunar a las aves suficientes veces. Muchas aves\nnecesitan ser vacunadas dos o tres veces en diferentes momentos de su vida. A\nUna sola dosis puede no ser suficiente para protegerlas del virus durante toda su vida.\ntoda su vida. El n\u00famero de vacunaciones necesarias depender\u00e1 de varios factores,\ncomo la presi\u00f3n infecciosa en una zona geogr\u00e1fica concreta, el tipo de aves de corral o la duraci\u00f3n del ciclo de producci\u00f3n.\no la duraci\u00f3n del ciclo de producci\u00f3n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los oligoelementos de alto rendimiento pueden ayudar a prevenir o mitigar la infecci\u00f3n por el virus de la gripe aviar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Suplemento de dietas av\u00edcolas con zinc procedente de\u00a0Disponible en\u00ae<\/sup>Zn<\/a>\u00a0y manganeso de Disponible en\u00ae<\/sup>Mn<\/a> ayuda a proporcionar una respuesta inflamatoria r\u00e1pida y robusta a los desaf\u00edos inmunitarios. Tambi\u00e9n proporcionan apoyo a las barreras epiteliales de las v\u00edas respiratorias y mejoran su proceso de cicatrizaci\u00f3n limitando el acceso y la multiplicaci\u00f3n de pat\u00f3genos. Se ha demostrado que la alimentaci\u00f3n con zinc y manganeso de los oligoelementos de rendimiento aumenta la eficacia de las vacunaciones en las aves j\u00f3venes, especialmente en la producci\u00f3n sin antibi\u00f3ticos. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00f3ngase en contacto con su representante de Zinpro<\/a> hoy mismo para obtener m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre la prevenci\u00f3n de la gripe aviar en su explotaci\u00f3n av\u00edcola con Minerales de alto rendimiento Zinpro<\/a>\u00ae<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La gripe aviar es muy contagiosa y puede infectar r\u00e1pidamente las explotaciones av\u00edcolas de todo el mundo. La enfermedad puede controlarse con vacunas, medidas de bioseguridad adecuadas y mitigarse con oligoelementos de alto rendimiento. M\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n de la Dra. Kateri Bertran Dols, de Agrifood Research and Technology.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":57062,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_tec_requires_first_save":true,"_eb_attr":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_tribe_blocks_recurrence_rules":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_description":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_exclusions":"","_ecp_custom_2":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2682],"tags":[2683,2702,2684,2685,2694,2712],"species":[942],"class_list":["post-57061","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-animal-performance","tag-antibiotic-free-production","tag-health","tag-immunity","tag-mortality","tag-respiratory"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAvian Influenza: A Global Disease – Zinpro\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"posts from Zinpro\u00ae about Avian Influenza: A Global Disease . 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