{"id":57326,"date":"2020-12-01T01:00:32","date_gmt":"2020-12-01T01:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/culling-transition-cows-are-you-in-the-drivers-seat\/"},"modified":"2023-11-06T13:12:26","modified_gmt":"2023-11-06T18:12:26","slug":"culling-transition-cows-are-you-in-the-drivers-seat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/en_na\/resource-center\/blog\/culling-transition-cows-are-you-in-the-drivers-seat\/","title":{"rendered":"Culling Transition Cows: Are You in the Driver\u2019s Seat?"},"content":{"rendered":"

In the life of a dairy cow, there is going to come\na day when that cow will be removed from your lactating herd and replaced with\na young heifer. But how is that decision being made? After all, culling can be\nvoluntary or involuntary. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Voluntary culling occurs when the producer can make the decision. In many cases, this is because they have genetically superior replacement heifers with higher earning potential, ready to take over for a lactating cow that is either genetically inferior, or perhaps the cow is passed its peak milk production potential and is on the downswing. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Involuntary culling occurs because the cow is\nseverely affected by an infectious or metabolic disease, or they have already\ndied. If a cow comes down with one of these diseases and the prognosis is poor,\na dairy producer can sell the cow to use for beef. Even though this is an\ninstance of involuntary culling, the producer can recover some of the money\nthey have invested in that cow. If the cow dies before it is sold, it cannot be\nused for beef and must be rendered without recovering any costs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The highest risk of disease and mortality for\na dairy cow is during transition \u2013 specifically right around the time of\ncalving \u2013 which results in increased involuntary culling. To put things in\nperspective, it has been estimated that approximately 75% of disease in dairy\ncows happens in the first month after calving.a<\/sup> Losing a cow during\nthis period is very costly to a dairy producer. Let\u2019s take, as an extreme\nexample, the young cow calving for the first time. All the time leading up to\nlactation has been invested in boarding her, feeding her, breeding her and\nramping up her feed intake to prepare her for producing high quantities of\nmilk. If at this point, she dies or you are forced to sell her for beef, you\nare unable to capitalize on any of this investment, that is a no-economic value\ncull. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

High performing dairies tend to prevent disease and manage\ninvoluntary culling. In turn, they gain more flexibility with voluntary\nculling, which also drives herd performance forward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retention Pay-Off and Voluntary Culling<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Now that we’ve covered the basics of\nvoluntary and involuntary culling, let’s dive in deeper and look at ways you\ncan play a proactive role in voluntary culling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many computer models have been developed that\noptimize voluntary culling decisions and rank cows for continued profitability\nbased on how much milk they are projected to produce in the future. This is\ncalled the \u201cretention pay-off (RPO)\u201db <\/sup>and it is a feature of many\ndairy cattle management software. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The RPO is defined as the net present value of\nkeeping the incumbent cow in the herd until the optimal time of replacement,\ncompared with replacing her with a replacement heifer now. Using this model,\nwhen the RPO is less than or equal to $0, it is time for a producer to replace that\ncow with an incoming heifer that promises more time and production in the\ndairy. On the other hand, if the RPO figure is, for example $500, that means\nthat the incumbent cow is still profitable and replacing the cow now would\nresult in a loss (missed opportunity) of $500. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To utilize the RPO on a transition cow\nmanagement software, the user must input variables such as milk price beef\nprice, the herd\u2019s current production levels and cow turnover rate. It will then\ncalculate a current value for every animal in the system. Each animal\u2019s value\nwill be different based on age, previous production, projected milk production,\npregnancy status, etc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Using the retention pay-off model can help\ndairy producers make the best decisions when it comes time to voluntarily cull\na cow from the herd and bring in a replacement heifer. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Transition Period is a High-Risk Time for Dairy Cows<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The highest risk of involuntary is caused by\ndisorders during the transition period.\n<\/strong>After calving, the demand for milk production increases\nsubstantially, and cows are unable to consume adequate energy to sustain\nperformance. Therefore, they mobilize body reserves to maintain energy for milk\nproduction and post-calving recovery, causing them to be in a negative energy\nbalance. Even though negative energy balance at this stage is expected and\nnatural, we manage cows to help them recover as soon as possible. Otherwise, it\ncan cause metabolic disorders like ketosis and hypocalcemia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Read more: Controlling Ketosis in Dairy Cows<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

These disorders can lead to higher\nsusceptibility of infectious diseases like mastitis and metritis. Around the\ntime of calving, the cow is often juggling milk production, adaptation and\nimmune challenges. When that happens, it needs to have enough energy to fuel an\nappropriate inflammatory response, or it will be more prone to these infectious\ndiseases and involuntary culling. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Read more: Reduce Mastitis in Dairy Cows with Performance Trace Minerals<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Performance Trace Minerals Improve Immune Response<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Proper nutrition, including trace minerals, has\na tremendous impact on reducing both voluntary and involuntary culling by\nimproving performance and improving health and wellbeing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giving milk to the calf is what guarantees the survival of the species. Dairy cows are willing to divert nutrients away from other physiological functions to fuel milk production. The energy that she is putting out into milk production is so much that she will never be able to have enough feed to cover those needs. Our goal should be to help dairy cows cope with these changes and challenges, protect them and prevent disease before it happens. Therefore, feeding performance trace minerals in the transition cow diet is critical. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The impact of Zinpro Performance Minerals\u00ae\n<\/sup>in the transition cow diet is often underestimated in the industry. Since\nthey are more bioavailable than inorganic sources, cows can absorb more of\nthese critical nutrients to support high milk yields and their own maintenance\nand immune function, even around the time of calving when they are not\nconsuming as much feed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ensuring a successful transition period and\nhelping cows thrive through the first 30 to 60 days post-calving is critical\nfor avoiding involuntary culling and helping the cows in your herd reach their\nfull milk-production potential. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contact a Zinpro representative today<\/a> to learn more about formulating your transition cow diet. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a <\/sup>LeBlanc,\nS.J., K. D. Lissemore, D.F. Kelton, T. F. Duffield, and K.E. Leslie. 2006.\nMajor Advances in Disease Prevention in Dairy Cattle. J. Dairy Sci.\n89:1267-1279<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b <\/sup>D.\nLiang,* L. M. Arnold,\u2020 C. J. Stowe,\u2021 R. J. Harmon,* and J. M. Bewley*1 2017.\nEstimating US dairy clinical disease costs with a stochastic simulation model.\nJ. Dairy Sci. 100:1472\u20131486<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Losing transition cows can be very costly for a dairy producer, especially in cases of involuntary culling. Learn about the retention payoff and how it can optimize voluntary culling on your dairy operation.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":57327,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_tec_requires_first_save":true,"_eb_attr":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_tribe_blocks_recurrence_rules":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_description":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_exclusions":"","_ecp_custom_2":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2682],"tags":[2694,2701],"species":[940],"class_list":["post-57326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-mortality","tag-transition-cow-management"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCulling Transition Cows: Are You in the Driver\u2019s Seat? – Zinpro\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Blog posts from Zinpro\u00ae about Culling Transition Cows: Are You in the Driver\u2019s Seat? . 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