{"id":57208,"date":"2020-06-23T23:00:10","date_gmt":"2020-06-23T23:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/trace-minerals-help-prevent-virus-replication-boosts-immune-response-to-viral-infections\/"},"modified":"2024-02-09T15:08:12","modified_gmt":"2024-02-09T20:08:12","slug":"trace-minerals-help-prevent-virus-replication-boosts-immune-response-to-viral-infections","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/en_na\/resource-center\/blog\/trace-minerals-help-prevent-virus-replication-boosts-immune-response-to-viral-infections\/","title":{"rendered":"Trace Minerals Help Prevent Virus Replication, Boosts Immune Response to Viral Infections"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Part 3 of a 4-part series on viruses in animal\nproduction<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"\/en_na\/2020\/06\/what-are-viruses-and-how-do-they-impact-animal-production\/\"><em>Part 1 discussed what viruses are and how they impact animal production<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><a href=\"\/en_na\/how-the-immune-system-protects-animals-from-viruses\/\">Part 2 discussed how the immune system protects animals from viral infections<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All around the world, viruses are having an\nimpact on humans and animals alike. When a virus infects an animal, it will\nimpact the animal\u2019s growth, performance and reproduction, and can even lead to\ndeath. Once a virus infects an animal, it is up to the immune system to start\nthe process to kill the virus and remove it from the body. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Good nutrition, including trace mineral\nnutrition, plays an important role in preventing viral infections as well as\nimproving the immune response if viruses do infect the animal.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zinc, in particular, plays a key role in\npreventing virus replication, which is a critical component to a rapid and\nrobust immune response to a viral infection. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zinc-s-role-as-an-antiviral\">Zinc\u2019s Role as an Antiviral<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When a virus gets into a body, it takes over the\ncells and starts to replicate and transmit to other cells. When the immune\nsystem detects the virus in the cells, it will start attacking the virus. If,\nat the same time, an animal\u2019s body is able to impede the virus from replicating\nand spreading to other cells, the body will get the upper hand and be able to\novercome the viral infection more rapidly. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zinc works as an antiviral agent by preventing\nthe replication of RNA viruses. It does this by inhibiting RNA-dependent RNA\npolymerase (RdRP), an enzyme that causes the replication of RNA viruses, like\nthe coronavirus or many others that are known to affect livestock and poultry. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With COVID-19 there are many people who have\nbecome infected but do not develop the clinical disease. This is because their\nimmune system responds more effectively to COVID-19, which includes inhibiting\nviral RdRP and stopping the virus from replicating before it gets out of\ncontrol. This minimizes the infection without a lot of collateral damage to\nother cells in the body. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, zinc plays a role in modulating\nthe interferon response. Interferon is a molecule that leads the immune\nresponse against viral infections. Zinc helps the body produce interferon when\na virus is detected, and then dials down the immune response when the infection\nis cleared. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zinc also plays a role in maintaining\nepithelial tissue and improving mucin production, which can help prevent\nviruses from entering an animal\u2019s body in the first place. It helps improve the\nrelease of hydrochloric acid, which keeps the pH in the stomach low enough to\nkeep bacteria and other pathogens from getting into the lower part of the\ngastrointestinal tract. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-other-essential-trace-minerals-support-the-immune-system\">Other Essential Trace Minerals Support the Immune System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to zinc, the trace minerals\nselenium, copper and manganese are required by the body and play a role in the\nadaptive and innate immune functions of animals. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"\/en_na\/selenium-reduces-oxidative-stress-improves-livestock-and-poultry-production\/\">Selenium is essential to activate the antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GPx)<\/a>. When reactive oxygen species (free radicals) outnumber antioxidants and lead to cell damage or tissue injury, this is known as oxidative stress. If there is a lot of oxidative stress, neutrophils \u2013 immune cells in an animal\u2019s blood circulation\u2013 will be slower to leave the blood vessels and will take longer to clear an infection. A suboptimal selenium status results in lymphocytes \u2013 a type of white blood cell in the lymph nodes and the bloodstream that helps fight infection \u2013 being less effective in identifying antigens, bacteria and viruses, leading to a weaker immune response. By activating GPx, selenium helps reduce oxidative stress, thereby improving the function of neutrophils and lymphocytes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Copper<\/strong>\nalso helps relieve oxidative stress and improves T-cell proliferation. Helper\nT-cells help the body make antibodies, while killer T-cells directly kill cells\nthat have been infected by a virus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Manganese<\/strong>, along with zinc, plays a role in mucin production which, as\nmentioned earlier, helps prevent pathogens from entering the body in the first\nplace. Research has also shown that manganese helps enhance the ability of the\nnatural killer cells, which are a type of immune cell that kill cells infected\nwith a virus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Check back for the fourth and final installment of this series on viruses in animal production. The next article will take <strong><a href=\"\/en_na\/performance-trace-minerals-enhance-immune-function\/\">a closer look at zinc and how it improves the immune response to viral infections.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trace mineral nutrition plays an important role in preventing viral infections and in the immune response if an animal does become infected. Discover how trace minerals can help prevent virus replication in animals.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":57209,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_tec_requires_first_save":true,"_eb_attr":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_tribe_blocks_recurrence_rules":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_description":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_exclusions":"","_ecp_custom_2":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2682],"tags":[2683,2696,2684,2685],"species":[987,938,940,942,943],"class_list":["post-57208","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-animal-performance","tag-epithelial-integrity","tag-health","tag-immunity"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Trace Minerals Help Prevent Virus Replication, Boosts Immune Response to Viral Infections &#8211; Zinpro\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Blog posts from Zinpro\u00ae about Trace Minerals Help Prevent Virus Replication, Boosts Immune Response to Viral Infections . 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Mike Socha","author_link":"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/en_na\/resource-center\/author\/drmikesocha\/"},"uagb_comment_info":2,"uagb_excerpt":"Trace mineral nutrition plays an important role in preventing viral infections and in the immune response if an animal does become infected. 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