{"id":57061,"date":"2019-12-20T00:00:01","date_gmt":"2019-12-20T00:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/avian-influenza-a-global-disease\/"},"modified":"2023-07-19T13:10:06","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T18:10:06","slug":"avian-influenza-a-global-disease","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/en_na\/resource-center\/blog\/avian-influenza-a-global-disease\/","title":{"rendered":"Avian Influenza: A Global Disease"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Avian influenza is a naturally occurring\ndisease in birds and can infect poultry operations around the globe. It is very\ncontagious and can spread rapidly throughout poultry flocks, with certain types\ncausing high mortality rates and reductions in egg production and egg quality.\nDuring an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza, infected flocks must\nbe culled entirely. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kateri Bertran Dols, Ph.D., a researcher from\nthe Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology in Barcelona, gave a\npresentation during the Zinpro International Poultry Seminar that included a\nglobal update on avian influenza, risk factors for infection and what poultry\nproducers can do to prevent outbreaks. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We sat down with her after her presentation to\nget more details on the disease and what we can do to reduce the likelihood of\nit getting into our poultry facilities. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-q-a-with-kateri-bertran-dols-ph-d\">Q&amp;A with Kateri Bertran Dols, Ph.D. <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Marco Rebollo: What are the different types of\ninfluenza and how are they different from each other? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kateri Bertran Dols: The main difference\nbetween each type is what species it can infect. Influenza A, for example,\ninfects birds and humans, while B infects only humans, C infects humans and\nswine and D can infect swine and cattle. Additionally, there are two\nsubcategories of avian influenza: Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) and\nhighly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), based on their pathogenicity in\nchickens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LPAI results in mild or no clinical signs\nalong with little to no mortality. However, LPAI can result in a drop in egg\nproduction between 2% and 50% as well as a slight drop in egg quality. More\nimportantly, LPAI can be exacerbated by other co-infections or environmental\nfactors and can exacerbate other diseases as well. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HPAI on the other hand can be much more\nproblematic for poultry producers, resulting in high mortality rates up to 100%\nand up to a 100% drop in egg production as well. A sharp reduction in egg\nquality is very typical if the reproductive tract of the bird becomes infected.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>MR: What are the most common ways avian\ninfluenza can spread? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>KBD: There are many ways avian influenza virus\ncan spread from bird to bird, facility to facility and even country to country.\nBirds can become infected with avian influenza virus after coming into contact\nwith the virus shed by another bird through their saliva, nasal discharge or\nfeces. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The virus can also spread due to human-caused\nfactors like poor biosecurity at poultry facilities. One example of this is\ntrucks that transport feed or materials from one poultry facility to another.\nThe tires can pick up the virus in the form of contaminated mud or manure and\ntransport it to another facility. Workers on a poultry operation themselves can\neven spread the virus if they are going from facility to facility without\nchanging or cleaning their clothes and boots. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are studies that suggest that the wind\ncan transport the virus through the air, but wild aquatic birds are what make\nthe virus global. Ducks and geese can literally carry the virus across continents,\nin many cases without showing any signs of disease. Typically, the first\nintroduction of the virus into poultry is through contact with LPAI viruses\ncarried by wild aquatic birds, but the subsequent spread among farms is usually\ncaused by human activity, with the risk that the LPAI virus mutates to its HPAI\nform. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>MR: So, what can poultry producers do from a\nbiosecurity standpoint to prevent the spread of avian influenza? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>KBD: Biosecurity is the first line of defense\nagainst avian influenza. It\u2019s important to make sure that everything that comes\ninto a facility and leaves a facility is free of the virus, including the birds\nthemselves and their feed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Start by cleaning and disinfecting the poultry\nhouses and using disinfected bedding. Clean and disinfect your water lines to\nkeep the virus out of your birds\u2019 drinking water. Regularly clean and disinfect\ntrucks and wheels that will be coming and going from a facility so that the\nvirus doesn\u2019t spread that way. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wear disposable clothing and boot covers and\nmake sure to clean and disinfect your clothes and boots regularly so that\nyou\u2019re not tracking the virus from house to house. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In order to prevent primary introduction of\nthe virus from wild aquatic birds, raise poultry in confinement or, if raised\nwith outdoor access, confine birds during specific migration periods of wild\naquatic birds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>MR: So, how about vaccines? What do producers\nneed to know about them? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>KBD: When elimination of infected poultry\ncannot control virus spread, vaccines can be a useful tool in a comprehensive\navian influenza control program when used in combination with other disease\ncontrol components. There are several properties that a vaccine must have for\nit to be effective against the virus it is administered to prevent. First of\nall, the vaccine strain must be genetically similar enough to the avian\ninfluenza strain that is circulating in the field. If the vaccine is not\ngenetically similar enough, the birds will not build an immunity to that\nparticular strain of avian influenza virus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another essential property for effective\nvaccines is the number of vaccinations applied; the birds need to be receiving\nenough of the vaccine antigen to stimulate their immune systems and prevent\nillness and death as well as reduce virus replication and shedding into the\nenvironment. Not only does a single dose need to be strong enough, but you also\nneed to make sure you\u2019re vaccinating the birds enough times. Many birds will\nneed to be vaccinated two or three times at different points in their lives. A\nsingle dose may not be enough to protect them from the virus through their\nentire lives. The number of vaccinations needed will depend on several factors,\nsuch as the infection pressure in a particular geographic area, the poultry\ntype or the length of the production cycle. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-performance-trace-minerals-can-help-to-prevent-mitigate-avian-influenza-virus-infection\">Performance Trace Minerals Can Help To Prevent\/Mitigate Avian Influenza Virus Infection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Supplementing poultry diets with zinc from\u00a0<a href=\"\/en_na\/products\/availa-mins\/availa-zn\/\">Availa<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>Zn<\/a>\u00a0and manganese from <a href=\"\/en_na\/products\/availa-mins\/availa-mn\/\">Availa<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>Mn<\/a> helps to provide a rapid and robust inflammatory response to immune challenges. They also provide support to epithelial barriers in the airways and improved their healing process limiting the access and multiplication of pathogens. Feeding zinc and manganese from performance trace minerals has shown to increase the effectiveness of vaccinations in young birds, particularly in antibiotic-free production. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/en_na\/lets-connect\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Contact your Zinpro representative<\/a> today to learn more about preventing avian influenza on your poultry operation with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/en_na\/performance-solutions\/we-know-trace-minerals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zinpro Performance Minerals<\/a><sup><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/test-zinpro-wp.pantheonsite.io\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u00ae<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Avian influenza is very contagious and can rapidly infect poultry operations around the world. The disease can be controlled with vaccines, proper biosecurity measures and mitigated with performance trace minerals. Learn more from Dr. Kateri Bertran Dols from Agrifood Research and Technology.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":57062,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_tec_requires_first_save":true,"_eb_attr":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_tribe_blocks_recurrence_rules":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_description":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_exclusions":"","_ecp_custom_2":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2682],"tags":[2683,2702,2684,2685,2694,2712],"species":[942],"class_list":["post-57061","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-animal-performance","tag-antibiotic-free-production","tag-health","tag-immunity","tag-mortality","tag-respiratory"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Avian Influenza: A Global Disease &#8211; Zinpro\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"posts from Zinpro\u00ae about Avian Influenza: A Global Disease . 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