{"id":56903,"date":"2019-08-20T22:00:17","date_gmt":"2019-08-20T22:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/heat-stress-management-during-periods-of-extreme-heat\/"},"modified":"2023-07-19T13:09:58","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T18:09:58","slug":"heat-stress-management-during-periods-of-extreme-heat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/en_na\/resource-center\/blog\/heat-stress-management-during-periods-of-extreme-heat\/","title":{"rendered":"Heat Stress Management During Periods of Extreme Heat"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Housing technology has advanced in the poultry\nindustry above all other animal production industries. Cooling systems like\nevaporative cooling and tunnel ventilation, as well as insulated roofs and\nwalls, help mitigate the negative consequences of heat stress in poultry\noperations. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While advanced housing technology helps birds\nsurvive in higher temperatures (higher than 92 F, 60% relative humidity), in\nregions like the southern United States, temperatures can reach over 100 F.\nWhen this happens, the heat can overpower the cooling systems and leave your\nflock susceptible to heat stress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Feeding performance trace minerals, combined\nwith the use of appropriate housing technology, can help mitigate heat stress\nin your poultry flock and help them reach their market weight on time. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-heat-stress-in-poultry-leads-to-diverse-production-challenges\">Heat Stress in Poultry Leads to Diverse Production Challenges<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The productive life for broilers is 35 to 57\ndays and a little less than two years for laying hens. As a result, there is a\nmuch smaller margin for error in heat stress management especially for broilers\nbecause there is less time to recover. For layers, heat stress can have a\nlasting effect that can impact egg quality for days even after temperatures have\nreturned to normal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When a bird\u2019s body temperature increases,\nblood flow is diverted from the visceral blood vessels of the digestive tract\nto the skin to increase heat dissipation. This reduces the amount of oxygen\n(hypoxia) and nutrients available to the enterocytes (single-layer epithelial\ncells) lining the gastrointestinal tract. As a result, the tight junctions\nweaken and allow pathogens and their toxins to transfer into the bloodstream,\nultimately leading to leaky gut. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chickens pant in order to increase evaporative\ncooling. Evaporation of one gram of water is capable of dissipating 540\ncalories of maintenance energy, which can ultimately lead to the development of\nlower-quality eggs in laying hens and a lower feeding efficiency and growth\nrate in broilers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-housing-technology-for-heat-stress-management\">Housing Technology for Heat Stress Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are two main cooling systems that are\npopular in poultry operations. The most popular is <strong>tunnel ventilation<\/strong>.\nWith a tunnel ventilation system, large fans are installed on one end of the\nhouse and create air movement by pulling air through the house and carrying the\nhot air out. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An <strong>evaporative cooling<\/strong> system uses the\nheat in the air to change water from liquid to gas. This releases energy and\ntakes the heat out of the birds and of the house environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Evaporative cooling systems can include: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>An <strong>evaporative panel<\/strong>, which drips water through a pad. Air      flowing through the panel will evaporate the water and cool the air in the environment. Air moving into the house by the tunnel ventilation system improves the effectiveness of evaporative panels. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Foggers<\/strong> or sprinklers are set on a timer to periodically spray a very fine mist of water that evaporates and removes heat from the environment. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In high humidity conditions (higher than 80%), evaporative heat loss and evaporative cooling systems become inefficient. In these conditions, convective cooling (air flow) is the only alternative to help birds dissipate heat. Proper maintenance is important for housing cooling systems to be efficient. Adequate sealing, level of airflow and good conditions of thermal insulation materials in roofs and walls must be maintained.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-poultry-nutrition-and-feeding-strategies-to-improve-conditions-during-heat-stress\">Poultry Nutrition and Feeding Strategies to Improve Conditions During Heat Stress<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>During extremely hot weather, poultry\nproducers should also consider implementing a summer nutrition and feeding program.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Birds will naturally eat less during extreme\nheat events, so nutritionists and poultry producers should feed a more\nnutrient-dense diet to compensate for the reduction in feed intake. This\nincludes increasing the fat-to-carbohydrate ratio since fat is a more efficient\nenergy source. After chickens eat, their body temperature increases and causes\ndiscomfort. Providing more fat uses less metabolic energy, reducing this body\ntemperature increase. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Formulating diets for digestible amino acids\nalso becomes critical in hot weather. Diets are concentrated, and protein is\nreduced to marginal levels to reduce the heat increment. To compensate for this\nreduction and maintain a constant intake of these nutrients, amino acid ratios\nhave to be in good balance. Producers should also make sure they have a good\nelectrolyte balance in their poultry nutrition and feeding program. When birds\npant, their blood tends to become alkaline, resulting in an eventual loss of\nsodium. Electrolytes provide a good balance of sodium, chloride and potassium,\nand helps to keep the buffer capacity in the blood. It is recommended that\nproducers supplement 242\u2013300 milliequivalents of electrolytes per kilogram of\nfeed. Additionally, producers should increase their supplementation of vitamins\nC and E. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another consideration in extreme situations is\nrestricting feed intake during the hottest times of day. Instead, producers\nshould provide light after the sun goes down, when birds are more comfortable,\nto allow them to eat at that time. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-increase-performance-trace-mineral-supplementation-during-heat-stress\">Increase Performance Trace Mineral Supplementation During Heat Stress<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Producers should increase their trace mineral\nsupplementation with performance trace minerals, especially zinc, manganese and\nselenium. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zinc strengthens the bonds between the\nepithelial cells in the gastrointestinal tract, helping to maintain the tight\njunctions during a challenge and decreasing the occurrence of leaky gut and\nrelated intestinal inflammation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oxidative stress occurs when free radicals and\nantioxidants are out of balance. Zinc, copper, manganese and selenium work as\nantioxidants by removing free radicals and protecting cell membranes from\noxidative damage. Requirements for these minerals increase during stress\nevents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During hot summer weather, it is recommended that nutritionists and poultry producers supplement 40 ppm of zinc from <a href=\"\/en_na\/product\/zinpro-availa-zn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zinpro<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Availa<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Zn<\/a> or 40\/40 ppm of zinc and manganese from <a href=\"\/en_na\/product\/zinpro-availa-zm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zinpro<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Availa<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Z\/M <\/a>on top of their regular year-round supplementation levels. Supplementation levels of selenium from <a href=\"\/en_na\/product\/zinpro-availa-se\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zinpro<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Availa<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Se<\/a>* should increase by 0.2 ppm, and chromium from <a href=\"\/en_na\/product\/zinpro-availa-cr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zinpro<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Availa<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Cr<\/a>* should be incorporated at 0.4 ppm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Housing technology in the poultry industry can help mitigate the negative impacts of heat stress during the hot summer months. In regions where the heat can overpower your cooling systems, increasing your supplementation levels of performance trace minerals can keep birds comfortable and productive. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To learn more about implementing a summer poultry nutrition and feeding program with <a href=\"\/en_na\/products\/performance-minerals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zinpro Performance Minerals<sup>\u00ae<\/sup><\/a>, contact your <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/en_na\/lets-connect\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zinpro representative<\/a> today. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>*Note: Not all products\navailable in all markets<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Housing technology in the poultry industry can help mitigate the negative impacts of heat stress during the hot summer months. In regions where the heat can overpower your cooling systems, increasing your supplementation levels of performance trace minerals can keep birds comfortable and productive.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":56904,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_tec_requires_first_save":true,"_eb_attr":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_tribe_blocks_recurrence_rules":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_description":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_exclusions":"","_ecp_custom_2":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2682],"tags":[2693,2692,2717,2689],"species":[942],"class_list":["post-56903","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-animal-husbandry","tag-animal-welfare","tag-hatchability","tag-heat-stress"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Heat Stress Management During Periods of Extreme Heat &#8211; Zinpro\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"posts from Zinpro\u00ae about Heat Stress Management During Periods of Extreme Heat . 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