{"id":56777,"date":"2019-06-18T22:00:53","date_gmt":"2019-06-18T22:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/the-consequences-of-heat-stress-in-animals\/"},"modified":"2023-07-19T13:09:53","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T18:09:53","slug":"the-consequences-of-heat-stress-in-animals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/en_na\/resource-center\/blog\/the-consequences-of-heat-stress-in-animals\/","title":{"rendered":"The Consequences of Heat Stress in Animals"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Heat stress in animals can result in costly economic losses for\nproducers. Across the beef, dairy, poultry and swine industries, economic\nlosses from reduced production and reproduction performance and increased\nmortality can reach as high as $2.4 billion annually (St-Pierre, Cobanov, and\nSchnitkey. 2003).\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Heat stress can have a negative effect on many production factors in all\nspecies, some apparent right away and some delayed. Heat-stressed animals\nreduce feed intake as a way to reduce metabolic heat. Lower feed intake results\nin reduced milk production in dairy cattle and reduced growth rates in beef\ncattle, swine and poultry. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During heat stress, animals may divert energy and nutrients away from\nproduction purposes and use them instead for heat dissipation or for\ninflammatory responses to immune challenges. After heat stress, animals are not\nquick to switch their nutrient utilization back to production mode, which may\ncause a reduction in production performance even one or two months down the\nroad. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-heat-stress-management-and-leaky-gut-in-animals\">Heat Stress Management and Leaky Gut in Animals<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Heat stress can cause a condition called <a href=\"\/en_na\/leaky-gut-and-inflammation-in-animals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">leaky gut<\/a>, which can have immediate effects on your livestock and poultry, but it also plays a role in delayed effects in the fall. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During heat stress, an animal\u2019s core body temperature increases, causing\nblood flow to be diverted away from the gastrointestinal tract to the skin\nsurface in order to increase heat dissipation. This causes a reduction in the\namount of oxygen (hypoxia) and energy available to the enterocytes (single\nlayer of epithelial cells) lining the intestinal tract. This can weaken the\ntight junctions that hold the enterocytes together, allowing pathogens and\ntheir toxins to transfer into the bloodstream, causing leaky gut. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once the bacteria, pathogens or their toxins\npass between cells, the immune system recognizes them and triggers an immune\nresponse to destroy and remove the invaders. This inflammatory process and immune\nsystem activation consumes significant amounts of nutrients, pulling nutrients\nand energy away from other key functions within the animal such as growth,\nreproduction, and meat, milk, or egg production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-heat-stress-leads-to-lameness-in-cattle\">Heat Stress Leads to Lameness in Cattle<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Reduced feed intake and leaky gut during a period of heat stress can,\nultimately lead to lameness in cattle and swine lameness in the fall, even\nafter the temperature has gone down.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The chronic inflammation that occurs due to leaky gut causes a reduction\nin keratinocyte proliferation that makes up the foot horn tissue. This\nreduction in keratinocyte number results in the formation of lower-quality foot\nhorn tissue throughout the summer, a little at a time, and will eventually lead\nto cow hoof problems, like lameness, in the fall. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, during periods of heat stress, dairy and beef cattle spend\nmore time standing in order to dissipate heat beneath them. This increased\nstanding time can result in additional hoof problems, such as sole ulcers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many producers use sprinklers and evaporative coolers to help dissipate\nheat stress, but they can sometimes contribute to lameness. When cattle stand\nin water from sprinklers and evaporative coolers, this can soften the sole of\nthe hoof and separate the sole from the wall of the hoof. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-heat-stress-contributes-to-seasonal-infertility\">Heat Stress Contributes to Seasonal Infertility <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Heat stress also contributes to seasonal infertility, particularly in late summer and early fall. The two production issues that can impact seasonal infertility the most are heat stress and decreased nutritional intake.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We know that during a heat stress event, feed intake will decline. Animals\nwith a lower body condition score (BCS) from reduced feed intake won\u2019t exhibit\nas strong signs of estrus, will have a reduction in conception rates, a\nreduction in the number of embryos produced and an increase in embryonic\nmortality. In sows, this will lead to a reduction in litter size, fewer weaned\npigs and fewer marketed pigs down the line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sows with a reduced BCS will need to pull from their body reserves to\nmake an adequate amount of milk for their piglets during lactation, which will\nlead to a further-reduced BCS. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-trace-mineral-nutrition-and-heat-stress-management\">Trace Mineral Nutrition and Heat Stress Management<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Livestock and poultry producers can help mitigate the negative effects of\nheat stress by feeding a more nutrient-dense diet in the summer to compensate\nfor the reduction in feed intake. Producers can consider replacing some of the fiber\nin the ration with fat to increase the number of calories the animal is\nconsuming. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Feeding higher levels of performance trace minerals during the summer can\nalso play a positive role in mitigating the negative effects from heat stress. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Research shows that feeding zinc from <a href=\"\/en_na\/products\/availa-mins\/availa-zn\/\">Zinpro<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Availa<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Zn <\/a>plays a role in maintaining intestinal integrity by strengthening tight junctions during challenges and reducing the incidence of leaky gut and related intestinal inflammation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chromium from<a href=\"\/en_na\/products\/availa-mins\/availa-cr\/\"> Zinpro<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Availa<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Cr <\/a>or <a href=\"\/en_na\/products\/original-line\/zinpro-microplex\/\">Zinpro<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> MICROPLEX<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> <\/a>can increase thermal tolerance as well, as it helps to reduce the level of cortisol or corticosterone \u2014 involved in regulation of energy, immune reactions and stress responses \u2014 in animals. Elevated levels of cortisol or corticosterone cause animals to behave in a hectic manner, expend energy and, ultimately, reduce feed intake. Lowering cortisol and corticosterone levels by feeding diets containing Availa-Cr or MICROPLEX can help keep animals calm and more willing to eat during heat stress events. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oxidative stress occurs when free radicals and antioxidants are out of balance. Zinc, copper, manganese and selenium work as antioxidants by removing free radicals and protecting cell membranes from oxidative stress. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Contact a Zinpro representative today to learn more about including <a href=\"\/en_na\/products\/performance-minerals\/\">Zinpro Performance Minerals<sup>\u00ae<\/sup><\/a> like <a href=\"\/en_na\/products\/availa-mins\/availa-cr\/\">Zinpro<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Availa<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Cr<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en_na\/products\/original-line\/zinpro-microplex\/\">Zinpro<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> MICROPLEX<sup>\u00ae<\/sup><\/a>, <a href=\"\/en_na\/products\/availa-mins\/availa-zn\/\">Zinpro<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Availa<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Zn<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en_na\/products\/availa-mins\/availa-mn\/\">Zinpro<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Availa<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Mn<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en_na\/products\/availa-mins\/availa-cu\/\">Zinpro<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Availa<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Cu,<\/a> and <a href=\"\/en_na\/products\/availa-mins\/availa-se\/\">Zinpro<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Availa<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Se <\/a>\u00a0into your livestock and poultry nutrition programs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Note: Not all products\nare available in all markets.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Heat stress in animals can lead to production challenges like leaky gut and lameness as well as reduced milk production, growth and poor reproduction performance. Learn about the production challenges from heat stress and how performance trace minerals improve heat stress management.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":56778,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_tec_requires_first_save":true,"_eb_attr":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_tribe_blocks_recurrence_rules":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_description":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_exclusions":"","_ecp_custom_2":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2682],"tags":[2683,2688,2689,2690,2691],"species":[938,940,942,943],"class_list":["post-56777","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-animal-performance","tag-gut-health","tag-heat-stress","tag-lameness","tag-reproduction-gestation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Consequences of Heat Stress in Animals &#8211; Zinpro\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"posts from Zinpro\u00ae about The Consequences of Heat Stress in Animals . Read more here.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/en_na\/resource-center\/blog\/the-consequences-of-heat-stress-in-animals\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Consequences of Heat Stress in Animals &#8211; Zinpro\u00ae\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"posts from Zinpro\u00ae about The Consequences of Heat Stress in Animals . 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