{"id":56220,"date":"2018-10-04T23:46:52","date_gmt":"2018-10-04T23:46:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/breaking-the-cycle-of-digital-dermatitis\/"},"modified":"2023-07-19T13:09:39","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T18:09:39","slug":"breaking-the-cycle-of-digital-dermatitis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/en_na\/resource-center\/blog\/breaking-the-cycle-of-digital-dermatitis\/","title":{"rendered":"Breaking the Cycle of Digital Dermatitis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Digital dermatitis (DD), often referred to as hairy heel warts, is an infectious foot disease in dairy and beef cattle herds. It has been reported on 70 percent of all U.S. dairies and 95 percent of large operations comprising 500 or more cows. The size and scope of digital dermatitis within the beef industry is undetermined but is a growing concern. Once introduced to the herd, the disease can spread rapidly. It can often lead to lameness in cows, which decreases milk production and reproductive health (fertility) in dairy animals. In beef, lameness can account for 70 percent of all sales of non-performing cattle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Breaking-the-Cycle-of-Digital-Dermatitis-1024x354.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15156\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-management-prevention-and-trace-mineral-nutrition\">Management, Prevention and Trace Mineral Nutrition<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>From calves to heifers and lactating cows to dry cows, there is a need for an integrated prevention strategy that manages risk factors to help control digital dermatitis. This strategy should include the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Management<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Follow biosecurity measures to prevent infected animals from being introduced into the herd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regularly inspect hind feet through digital dermatitis pen walks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Keep records of lesions on animals for informed decision-making based on their history.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Identify M2 lesions early and treat promptly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Hygiene<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Promote a clean, dry environment, and use footbaths as needed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nutrition<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Increase awareness of nutrition\u2019s role in helping to prevent digital dermatitis during all cattle phases, including heifers and young stock.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Formulate diets for adequate nutrient and micronutrient fortification.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/en_na\/products\/availa-mins\/availa-plus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Availa<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Plus<\/a>, when fed as part of a specific DD formula and a well-balanced diet, has been shown to significantly decrease the prevalence and severity of digital dermatitis in non-lactating cattle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-digital-dermatitis-identification-and-disease-progression\">Digital Dermatitis Identification and Disease Progression<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>An understanding of how to identify the presence and severity of digital dermatitis is key to keeping the disease under control. Once the disease is introduced into a herd, it spreads rapidly, and prevalence often exceeds 70 percent. There are five stages of digital dermatitis originally identified (D\u00f6pfer <em>et al<\/em>., 1997). The following guide will provide you with a visual of the disease (lesion) stage and its progression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-m0-healthy-claw\">M0 \u2014 Healthy Claw<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Disease Stage: Normal digital skin, no signs of dermatitis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Progression: Common factors of an M0 turning into an M1 lesion are poor hygiene, sub-standard biosecurity measures and muddy pens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/BreakingTheCycle_US-M0.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15159\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-m1-early-subclinical\">M1 \u2014 Early\/Subclinical<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Disease Stage: Small (less than 0.75 inch or 2 cm in diameter) circumscribed red to gray epithelial defects. Lesions can appear in the interdigital space. They can also occur between acute episodes of DD lesions or within the margins of a chronic M4 lesion as an intermediate stage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Progression: An M1 lesion may develop into an M2 lesion or return to M0. Some animals with M1 lesions never develop M2 lesions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/BreakingTheCycle_US-M1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15162\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-m2-painful-acute-ulcer\">M2 \u2014 Painful\/Acute Ulcer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Disease Stage: Bright-red active ulcer or red to gray granulomatous digital skin alteration greater than 0.75 inch (2 cm) in diameter. Commonly found along the coronary band at the skin\/horn border, in addition to around the dew claws, in wall cracks and occasionally as a sole defect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Progression: When treated effectively, healing (M3) begins. The lesion may cycle between M2 and M4.1 lesions. Accumulation of high numbers of M2 lesions starts an outbreak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/BreakingTheCycle_US-M2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15166\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-m3-healing\">M3 \u2014 Healing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Disease Stage: Lesion surface becomes firm and scab-like within one to two days following treatment of an M2 lesion with topical antibiotics. Best-case scenario after topical therapy, the lesion appears to be no longer painful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Progression: Healing can continue with lesion becoming M0. May regress to M2 or develop into a chronic M4 lesion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/BreakingTheCycle_US-M3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15181\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-m4-chronic-hairy-warts\">M4 \u2014 Chronic\/Hairy Warts<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Disease Stage: Rapidly growing hyperkeratosis (thickened epithelium; Fig. 1a) or filamentous, scaly or mass proliferations, commonly called hairy warts (Fig. 1b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Progression: There is a reservoir of disease from encysted bacteria deep in the skin. Therefore, the lesion may return to M0 or progress to an M4.1 lesion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/BreakingTheCycle_US-M4-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15187\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-m4-1-chronic-recurring\">M4.1 \u2014 Chronic Recurring<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Disease Stage: Hyperkeratosis and lesion within chronic M4 lesion (Fig. 2a) or chronic M4 lesion with an early or intermediate M1 lesion within its perimeter (Fig. 2b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Progression: There is a reservoir of disease from encysted bacteria deep in the skin. Therefore, the lesion may return to M4 lesion or develop into M2 lesion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/BreakingTheCycle_US-M4.1-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15184\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>For more information about how to assess, diagnose and prevent digital dermatitis in dairy cattle, download the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Zinpro_Digital_Dermatitis_Field_Guide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Digital Dermatitis Field Guide<\/a> or the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Digital_Dermatitis_Management_Prevention_in_Feedyard_AvailaPlus.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Digital Dermatitis: Management and Prevention in the Feedyard<\/a> guide for beef cattle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Note: this article was developed in conjunction with Dr. D<\/em>\u00f6<em>rte D<\/em>\u00f6<em>pfer, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Digital dermatitis, often referred to as hairy heel warts, can lead to lameness, which has a proven negative impact on milk production and reproductive health and can result in early culling. Use this guide for detection and management of this prevalent infectious foot disease.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":55932,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_tec_requires_first_save":true,"_eb_attr":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_tribe_blocks_recurrence_rules":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_description":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_exclusions":"","_ecp_custom_2":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2682],"tags":[2699,2690],"species":[938,940],"class_list":["post-56220","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-digital-dermatitis","tag-lameness"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Breaking the Cycle of Digital Dermatitis &#8211; Zinpro\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"posts from Zinpro\u00ae about Breaking the Cycle of Digital Dermatitis . 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