{"id":57058,"date":"2019-11-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-13T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/bco-lameness-in-chickens-the-tip-of-an-iceberg\/"},"modified":"2023-07-19T13:10:05","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T18:10:05","slug":"bco-lameness-in-chickens-the-tip-of-an-iceberg","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.zinpro.com\/en_na\/resource-center\/blog\/bco-lameness-in-chickens-the-tip-of-an-iceberg\/","title":{"rendered":"BCO Lameness in Chickens: The Tip of an Iceberg"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis\n(BCO) is the most common cause of lameness in chickens in the United States,\nthe European Union and South America. It affects clinically about 1.5% of all\nbroilers grown to yield weights and can also affect turkeys and ducks. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Learn more: Strategies to Help Prevent or Manage BCO Lameness<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Typically, 1.5% of broilers are culled from\nflocks that are affected by BCO lameness, but epidemic outbreaks can affect\nmore than 15% of a flock. The highest incidences are in the fastest-growing\nflocks. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the Zinpro International Poultry Seminar in\nChicago, Dr. Adnan Alrubaye, DVM and Ph.D., Department of Poultry Science, and\nBiological Sciences, graduate program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University\nof Arkansas, gave a presentation about the impact of BCO lameness in chickens. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I caught up with him afterward, to discuss the\ndetails.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marco Rebollo:<\/em><\/strong> How does BCO lameness work and how do\nbroilers become infected? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adnan Alrubaye:<\/em> BCO lameness is caused by a variety of\npathogenic microorganisms and stress factors, and somehow related to the growth\nof broilers, microfractures and developing circulation in the growth plates of\nthe femur and tibia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bacteria can leak from the respiratory system\nand\/or the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream and eventually settle in\nthose growth plates, leading to necrosis. Eventually, the bones will weaken to\nthe point that the bird can no longer stand or walk. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even when clinical lameness is found in a low\npercentage, it indicates a larger number of other problems, such as damaged\nepithelial barriers (probably by coccidiosis, necrotic enteritis, dysbiosis,\nrespiratory viruses, chronic respiratory disease, etc.), bacterial subclinical\ninfections, potential food safety problems, and pain that compromises welfare. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

MR: <\/em><\/strong>Are there ways to identify subclinical symptoms of BCO lameness in\nchickens? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

AA: <\/em>Currently,\nthere is no identified method to diagnose the subclinical lesions in live birds,\nwhich is why BCO lameness is a serious issue. It is considered an important\nwelfare issue that impacts the poultry industry in the U.S. and in many other\ncountries across the world. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a general rule, birds that experience pain\ndue to BCO lameness try to hide their symptoms to avoid being attacked by other\nbirds. As a result, it can be very difficult to identify any clinical symptoms\nof BCO lameness in chickens before it is too late. In many cases, we can only\nidentify BCO lesions whenever birds start showing overt, clinical symptoms of\nlameness and\/or during necropsy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

MR: <\/em><\/strong>You mentioned that there were other stressors that could lead to BCO lameness\nin chickens. Do you have any examples? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

AA:<\/em>\nThere are many factors that can stress birds like rapid growth, handling,\ntransportation and illnesses. We have been using the wire flooring model\ndeveloped by emeritus professor, Dr. Robert Wideman, Department of Poultry\nScience, University of Arkansas, to create stress experimentally in order to\ninduce lameness. In addition, we have developed a bacterial challenge with Staphylococcus\nagnetis (S. agnetis)<\/em>, that mimics the lameness epidemic for birds on litter\nflooring. The wire flooring model creates lameness in chickens by inducing a\nphysical stress on long bones, which will ultimately lead to microfractures in\nthe proximal femoral and tibial heads. \nIn addition, birds naturally prefer to walk on litter, so not allowing\nbirds to have access to litter can increase their stress level and weakens the\nintestinal tight junctions, allowing bacteria to leak from the intestine into\nthe bloodstream and, eventual colonization of the proximal femoral and tibial\nheads. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Learn More: Performance Trace Minerals Strengthen Tight Junctions<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Using the wire flooring model or the bacterial\nchallenge with S. agnetis<\/em> can increase the incidence of lameness 50% to\n70%.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

MR: <\/em>You conducted research studying the effect of supplementing broilers with Availa\u00ae<\/sup>ZMC<\/a> on the incidence of lameness. What did you find? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

AA:<\/em>\nFeeding 1 kg of Availa-ZMC per metric ton of feed resulted in a significant\nreduction in BCO lameness in chickens and delayed the incidence by four to five\ndays. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Two trials were\nconducted at the University of Arkansas, one using the wire flooring model and\nthe other one on litter flooring incorporating BCO pathogen, S. agnetis<\/em> isolate 908, to simulate a high virulence, natural lameness epidemic in a\nbarn. Birds fed Availa-ZMC in the wire flooring trials experienced a reduction\nof up to 29% BCO lameness, while the birds fed Availa-ZMC in the S.\nagnetis<\/em> challenge on litter trial showed a 23% reduction in the\noccurrence of BCO lameness. We also found that the birds fed Availa-ZMC had\nperipheral blood monocytes that were much more active in killing S. agnetis<\/em>\n908 in in vitro<\/em> assays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The data from\nthese studies will be published in 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The trace minerals in Availa-ZMC \u2014 zinc,\nmanganese and copper \u2014 improve gut integrity by strengthening the tight\njunctions in the intestine so that bacteria won\u2019t leak out and settle into\nmicrofractures in the growth plates. Availa-ZMC also helps improve bone quality\nand the overall health and immune function of the birds. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We\u2019re happy to see this large of a reduction in the incidence of lameness in chickens when using Availa-ZMC, and we\u2019re looking forward to doing more research with these products. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Performance Trace Minerals Reduce Lameness in Chickens<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Improving gut health, strengthening tight junctions and improving bone strength are all key to preventing BCO lameness in chickens. To learn how performance trace minerals, like those found in Availa-ZMC, improve overall health in your poultry operation, contact your Zinpro representative today<\/a>. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BCO lameness in chickens affects about 1.5% of all broilers grown to yield weights, and epidemic outbreaks can affect more than 15% of a flock. Dr. Adnan Alrubaye from the University of Arkansas explains how performance trace minerals strengthen tight junctions and reduce the incidence of lameness in poultry flocks.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":57059,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_tec_requires_first_save":true,"_eb_attr":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_tribe_blocks_recurrence_rules":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_description":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_exclusions":"","_ecp_custom_2":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2682],"tags":[2692,2696,2703,2688,2690],"species":[942],"class_list":["post-57058","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-animal-welfare","tag-epithelial-integrity","tag-food-safety","tag-gut-health","tag-lameness"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBCO Lameness in Chickens: The Tip of an Iceberg – Zinpro\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"posts from Zinpro\u00ae about BCO Lameness in Chickens: The Tip of an Iceberg . 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